Electron spectrometer

Electron spectrometer for supplying and measuring single-electron components and circuits, characterized in that

• the single-electron components and circuits to be supplied and measured are first connected to the outside world at the input and output of the components and circuits by conductor pathways, surfaces, or layers;
• in that
• the conductor pathways, surfaces, or layers consist of nanocrystalline material with widely separated energy levels, similar to those present in a 0-dimensional electron gas;
• and in that
• the electrons with many closely spaced energies offered by the metallic connections to the outside world are selected with respect to their energies by the discrete levels present in the 0-dimensional electron gas system, are filtered as if spectroscopically according to their energies, and are then sent to the single-electron device to be studied.