A low-temperature device for separating and purifying gas based on a small-sized low-temperature refrigerating machine, comprising a primary heat exchanger, a secondary heat exchanger, a quaternary heat exchanger, at least one small-sized low-temperature refrigerating machine, and at least one liquid collecting tank located between the secondary heat exchanger and the quaternary heat exchange to form a gas path from the secondary heat exchange, to the liquid collecting tank, then to the quaternary heat exchanger such that mixed gas from the secondary heat exchanger reaches the liquid collecting tank before reaching the quaternary heat exchanger, wherein the small-sized low-temperature refrigerating machine comprises a first cold head and a second cold head, the secondary heat exchanger is provided on the first cold head to form a primary cold head heat exchanger, the quaternary heat exchanger is provided on the second cold head to form a secondary cold head heat exchanger, a mixed gas inlet, a mixed gas outlet, a purified gas inlet, and a purified gas outlet are provided on the primary heat exchanger, the mixed gas outlet is connected to an inlet of the primary cold head heat exchanger, an outlet of the primary cold head heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the liquid collecting tank, a gas outlet of the liquid collecting tank is connected to an inlet of the secondary cold head heat exchanger, an outlet of the secondary cold head heat exchanger is connected to the purified gas inlet at a cold end of the primary heat exchanger, and a hot end of the primary heat exchanger is a first purified gas outlet.