Integrated process for the treatment of oil feeds for the production of fuel oils with a low sulphur and sediment content

A process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon feed having a sulphur content of at least 0.5% by weight, an asphaltenes content of at least 1% by weight, an initial boiling point of at least 340° C., and a final boiling point of at least 480° C., in order to obtain at least one deasphalted oil fraction with a sulphur content of 0.5% by weight or less and a sediment content of 0.1% by weight or less, comprising, in succession:

• a) fixed bed hydrotreatment, in which the hydrocarbon feed and hydrogen are brought into contact over at least one hydrotreatment catalyst,
• b) optionally, separating effluent obtained from the hydrotreatment a) into at least one light fraction and at least one heavy fraction,
• c) hydroconversion of at least a portion of effluent obtained from a) or at least a portion of the heavy fraction obtained from b) and optionally at least a portion of the light fraction obtained from b) in at least one reactor containing at least one supported ebullated bed catalyst,
• d) separating effluent obtained from c) in order to obtain at least one gaseous fraction and a liquid hydrocarbon fraction, by an atmospheric distillation, in which the effluent obtained at the end of c) is fractionated by atmospheric distillation into at least one atmospheric distillate fraction and at least one atmospheric residue fraction, then a vacuum distillation in which at least a portion of the atmospheric residue fraction obtained after atmospheric distillation is fractionated by vacuum distillation into at least one vacuum distillate fraction and at least one vacuum residue fraction;
• and at least a portion of the vacuum residue fraction is recycled to the hydrotreatment a),
• e) at least one selective deasphalting in order to separate at least one asphalt fraction and at least one deasphalted oil fraction, the deasphalting being carried out at least by bringing at least a portion of the liquid hydrocarbon fraction obtained from d), comprising at least a portion of said vacuum residue fraction and optionally a portion of said vacuum distillate fraction, into contact with a mixture of at least one polar solvent and at least one apolar solvent under subcritical conditions for the mixture of solvents used,
• f) recycling at least a portion of said deasphalted oil fraction obtained from e) upstream of the hydrotreatment a) and/or to the inlet for the hydroconversion c).