Redox flow battery

A redox flow battery comprising:

• a cathode cell comprising
• a cathode and
• a catholyte solution;
• an anode cell comprising
• an anode and
• an anolyte solution;
• and
• an ion exchange membrane disposed between the cathode cell and the anode cell,
• wherein the catholyte solution and the anolyte solution each comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte,
• wherein the non-aqueous electrolytes of both the anolyte solution and the catholyte solution in combination comprises a plurality of metal-ligand coordination compounds, and
• wherein at least one of the metal-ligand coordination compounds comprises two or more different ligands,
• wherein a dipole moment of the metal-ligand coordination compound is greater than 0, and
• wherein the metal-ligand coordination compound comprises a nitrogen atom-containing heteroaromatic ligand, a nitrogen atom-containing heteroaliphatic ligand, or a combination thereof, wherein the nitrogen atom-containing heteroaromatic ligand or the nitrogen atom-containing heteroaliphatic ligand comprises at least one selected from a substituted or unsubstituted dipyridyl, a substituted or unsubstituted terpyridyl, a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthroline, a substituted or unsubstituted ethylenediamine, and a substituted or unsubstituted propylenediamine, and wherein each of the substituted dipyridyl, the substituted terpyridyl, the substituted phenanthroline, the substituted ethylenediamine, and the substituted propylenediamine comprises at least one group selected from a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a halogen atom, a C5 to C8 alkylphenyl group, and a nitro group.