IL-1 receptor antagonist-coated electrode and uses thereof

An electrode designed for implantation into the central nervous system (CNS) of a mammal, said electrode comprising:

• (i) a sole electrical lead coated with an insulator forming a passivation layer, or multiple electrical leads each being either coated with an insulator forming a passivation layer or imprinted on a carrier and coated with an insulator forming a passivation layer;
• (ii) an adhesive layer consisting of an upper adhesive layer and optionally a lower adhesive layer;
• and
• (iii) interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), wherein said lower adhesive layer, when present, is covalently linked to the surface of said passivation layer;
• said upper adhesive layer is covalently linked to said lower adhesive layer, when present, or to the surface of said passivation layer;
• and the IL-1ra is covalently linked to said upper adhesive layer and actively inhibits scarring on or around the surface of said electrode when implanted into the CNS.