Lithium-ion cell having a high-capacity anode and a high-capacity cathode

A lithium-ion cell comprising:

• (a) a positive electrode (cathode) comprising graphene as the only cathode active material having a surface area to capture and store lithium thereon and wherein said graphene cathode is meso-porous having a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g;
• (b) a negative electrode (anode) comprising an anode active material for inserting and extracting lithium during a charge and discharge of said cell, wherein said anode active material is mixed with a conductive additive and/or a resin binder to form a porous electrode structure, or coated onto a current collector in a coating or thin film form, and wherein said anode active material is not pre-lithiated and is lithium-free when the cell is made, and wherein the anode active material is selected from the group consisting of:
• (A) non-lithiated silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and mixtures thereof;
• (B) non-lithiated alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and their mixtures;
• (C) non-lithiated oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, tellurides, or antimonides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd, and mixtures or composites thereof;
• (D) non-lithiated salts or hydroxides of Sn;
• and
• (E) non-lithiated graphite or carbon materials in a particle or fibrous form;
• and combinations thereof;
• (c) a porous separator disposed between the anode and the cathode;
• (d) a lithium-containing electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode;
• and
• (e) a lithium source disposed in at least one of the two electrodes when the cell is made.