Lighting apparatus

A lighting apparatus comprising:

• a substrate having a principal surface;
• a light-emitting element disposed on the principal surface of the substrate;
• and
• a sealing member disposed on the principal surface of the substrate and covering the light-emitting element, the sealing member containing a material that converts a wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting element,
• wherein the sealing member has a contour in a shape of a curved convex in at least one cross section that passes through a center of the light-emitting element and is perpendicular to the principal surface of the substrate, and
• when a line that passes through the center of the light-emitting element and is perpendicular to the principal surface of the substrate is set as a reference line,
• a point of intersection of the reference line and the principal surface of the substrate is set as a reference point,
• a straight line that passes through the reference point and an arbitrary point on the contour of the sealing member is set as an arbitrary straight line,
• a normal to the contour of the sealing member at the arbitrary point on the contour is set as an arbitrary normal,
• an angle formed by the reference line and the arbitrary straight line is set as an observation angle, and
• an angle formed by the arbitrary normal and the arbitrary straight line is set as an output angle,
• the output angle is represented by an approximate expression of a quadratic or trigonometric function of the observation angle, the quadratic or trigonometric function passing through an origin.