Microorganisms for the production of 1,4-butanediol and related methods

A non-naturally occurring Escherichia coli, comprising a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) pathway comprising one or more heterologous polynucleotides encoding BDO pathway enzymes expressed in a sufficient amount to produce BDO, wherein said E. coli:

• (A) comprises a BDO pathway comprising:
• (a) alpha-ketoglutarate decarboxylase;
• or alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and CoA-dependent succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase;
• or glutamate:succinate semialdehyde transaminase and glutamate decarboxylase;
• (b) 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase;
• (c) 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA transferase;
• or 4-hydroxybutyrate kinase and phosphotrans-4-hydroxybutyrylase;
• and
• (d) 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA reductase and 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde reductase;
• or aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase, said aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase converting 4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to 1,4-butanediol;
• and
• (B) comprises disruption of a gene encoding a protein in an aerobic respiratory control regulatory system;
• or expresses an exogenous NADH insensitive citrate synthase.