A hydrocarbon steam cracking catalyst comprising a composite catalyst including an oxide catalyst represented by CrZrjAkOx, wherein 5≦j≦120, 5≦k≦30, A is one or more transition metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Mo, V, and Co and x is the number satisfying the condition according to valences of Cr, Zr and A, and values of j and k,
- and a carrier, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of magnesium aluminate, calcium aluminate, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate and zeolite, and wherein the content of the oxide catalyst is 0.5-30 weight % by the total weight of the composite catalyst.