Method of list decoding and relative decoder for LDPC codes

A decoder for decoding symbols of a word received through a communication channel and transmitted according to a LDPC code having at least one check node related to a parity check equation, the decoder generating a first output table of corrected values of the symbols, wherein each row of the first output table stores, in order, a most probable value down to a least probable value and each column of the first output table stores possible values of each symbol, and a second output table of a logarithm of a ratio between a respective probability of correctness of a values in the first output table and their corresponding maximum probability of correctness, by processing the components of a first input table of values of a Galois Field of symbols and of a second input table of a corresponding probability of correctness of each value, the decoder comprising:

• processing circuitry configured to
• fill in a first row of the second output table by copying a first row of the first input table into a first row of the second output table, and fill in the first row of the first output table by computing a most likely symbol that satisfies the parity check equation;
• determine probability values of a second row of the second output table for each symbol if one symbol different from a considered one of the received word is assuming its second best value, and determine a corresponding corrected value in the first output table by applying the parity check equation;
• determine probability values of a third row of the second output table for each symbol if one symbol different from a considered one of the received word is assuming a value different from its most probable value and a value previously considered in determining the probability values for the second output table, and determine a corresponding corrected value in the first output table by applying the parity check equation;
• determine probability values of fourth and successive rows of the second output table for each symbol, by at least
• for each symbol, calculating a first probability value in a case that one symbol different from a considered one of the received word is assuming a value different from its most probable value and a value previously considered, and calculating a second probability value in a case that two symbols different from the considered one of the received word are not assuming their most probable values, and
• checking which of the first and second probability values is greater, and determining a corresponding corrected value in the first output table by applying the parity check equation;
• and
• outputting the first and second output tables.

A method of generating, for each check node related to a parity check equation of a LDPC code, a first output table of corrected values of symbols of a word transmitted according to the LDPC code, wherein each row of the first output table stores, in order, a most probable value down to a least probable value, and each column of the first output table stores possible values of each symbol, the method also for generating a second output table of a logarithm of a ratio between a respective probability of correctness of values of same coordinates in the first output table and their corresponding maximum probability of correctness, by processing components of a first input table and of a second input table of corresponding probability of correctness of each value, the method comprising:

• filling in a first row of the second output table by copying a first row of the first input table into a first row of the second output table, and filling in the first row of the first output table by computing a most likely symbol that satisfies the parity check equation;
• determining probability values of a second row of the second output table for each symbol if one symbol different from a considered one of the received word is assuming its second best value, and determining a corresponding corrected value in the first output table by applying the parity check equation;
• determining probability values of a third row of the second output table for each symbol if one symbol different from a considered one of the received word is assuming a value different from its most probable value and a value previously considered in determining the probability values for the second output table, and determining a corresponding corrected value in the first output table by applying the parity check equation;
• and
• determining probability values of fourth and successive rows of the second output table for each symbol.