Toner for developing electrostatic image, developer for electrostatic image, toner cartridge, process cartridge, image forming method, and image forming apparatus

A developer for an electrostatic image, comprising a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising:

• a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme,
• wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1):
• 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1)
• wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.

A toner cartridge comprising the toner for developing an electrostatic image, the toner comprising:

• a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme,
• wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1):
• 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1)
• wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.

A process cartridge detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus, comprising the developer, and comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of an image holding member with the toner for developing an electrostatic image or the developer for an electrostatic image, thereby forming a toner image, a charging unit that charges the image holding member and the surface of the image holding member, and a cleaning unit that removes the toner remaining on the surface of the image holding member, wherein the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising:

• a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme,
• wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1):
• 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1)
• wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.

An image forming apparatus comprising:

• an image holding member;
• a charging unit that charges the image holding member;
• an exposing unit that exposes the charged image holding member, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image on the image holding member;
• a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image with a developer, thereby forming a toner image;
• a transferring unit that transfers the toner image from the image holding member to a transfer material;
• and a fixing unit that fixes the toner image, the developer being the developer for an electrostatic image, wherein the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising:
• a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme,
• wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1):
• 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1)
• wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.

An image forming method comprising:

• charging an image holding member;
• forming an electrostatic latent image on a surface of the image holding member;
• developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member, with a developer for an electrostatic image, thereby forming a toner image;
• transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the image holding member, to a surface of a transfer material;
• and fixing the toner image, the developer comprises a toner for developing an electrostatic image and a carrier, the toner comprising:
• a toner particle having at least one of an oxidation polymerizable monomer and a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated group, and
• an outer additive containing an oxidation polymerization catalyst in a form of a composite with inorganic particles, wherein the oxidation polymerization catalyst includes an enzyme,
• wherein a temperature T(10 Mpa) and a temperature T(1 Mpa) satisfies the following expression (1):
• 20° C.≦T(1 MPa)−T(10 MPa) (1)
• wherein, the temperature T(10 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 10 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s, and the temperature T(1 Mpa) is a temperature at which a viscosity of the toner under a pressure of 1 Mpa applied with a flow tester becomes 104 Pa·s.