Magnetic random access memory

A magnetic random access memory comprising:

• a memory cell including a first magnetoresistance element;
• and
• a reference cell including a second magnetoresistance element, which is referred to for generating a reference level at a time of data reading from said memory cell,
• wherein said first magnetoresistance element comprises:
• a first magnetization free layer having perpendicular magnetic anisotropy;
• a first magnetization fixed layer having in-plane magnetic anisotropy and whose magnetization direction is fixed;
• a second magnetization free layer having in-plane magnetic anisotropy and whose magnetization direction is variable;
• and
• a first nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between said first magnetization fixed layer and said second magnetization free layer,
• wherein said first magnetization free layer comprises:
• a first magnetization fixed region whose magnetization direction is fixed;
• a second magnetization fixed region whose magnetization direction is fixed;
• and
• a magnetization free region whose magnetization direction is reversible and that is connected to said first magnetization fixed region and said second magnetization fixed region,
• wherein said magnetization free region and said second magnetization free layer are magnetically coupled to each other, and
• center of said second magnetization free layer is displaced in a first direction from center of said magnetization free region in a first plane parallel to each layer,
• wherein said second magnetoresistance element comprises:
• a third magnetization free layer whose magnetization easy axis is parallel to a second direction;
• a second magnetization fixed layer whose magnetization direction is fixed in a third direction perpendicular to said second direction;
• and
• a second nonmagnetic layer sandwiched between said second magnetization fixed layer and said third magnetization free layer,
• wherein said second magnetization fixed layer and said third magnetization free layer have in-plane magnetic anisotropy.