Measuring technique

An apparatus for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• means for generating an excitation beam of radiation;
• means for focusing said excitation beam onto said sample;
• means for splitting said excitation beam into two beams;
• and
• means for detecting transmitted light and non-transmitted light respectively, comprising a time-resolved detection unit, and for measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

An apparatus for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• means for generating an excitation beam of radiation;
• means for focusing said excitation beam onto said sample;
• means for splitting said excitation beam into two beams;
• and
• means for detecting transmitted light and non-transmitted light respectively, comprising a phase-resolved detection unit, and for measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

A method for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• (a) generating an excitation beam of radiation;
• (b) intensity modulating the excitation beam;
• (c) focusing the excitation beam onto the sample;
• (d) detecting all wavelengths simultaneously;
• and
• (e) measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

A method for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• (a) generating an excitation beam of radiation;
• (b) focusing the excitation beam onto the sample;
• (c) splitting the excitation beam into two beams;
• (d) detecting transmitted light and non-transmitted light respectively;
• and
• (e) measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

An apparatus for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• (a) a light source configured to emit an excitation beam;
• (b) a modulation driver configured to intensity modulate the light source;
• (c) an optical system configured to focus the excitation beam on the sample;
• and
• (d) a detector configured to monitor the light transmitted through the sample, and to measure the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

An apparatus for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• (a) a light source configured to emit an excitation beam;
• (b) a beam splitter configured to split the excitation beam into two beams, a first beam being directed towards the sample and a second beam being directed so that it will not pass through the sample;
• (c) a first detector configured to detect light transmitted through the sample from the first beam;
• and
• (d) a second detector configured to detect light from the second beam transmitted directly from the beam splitter to the second detector
• wherein each detector is also configured to measure the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons.

An apparatus for quantitative analysis of a turbid pharmaceutical sample, comprising:

• means for generating an excitation beam of radiation;
• means for intensity modulating said excitation beam;
• means for focusing said excitation beam onto said sample, said means being parts of a Fourier spectrometer;
• means for detecting all wavelengths simultaneously, and for measuring the intensity of radiation emitted from the sample both as a function of the wavelength of the emitted radiation and as a function of photon propagation time through said sample, so as to determine time delay or phase difference of scattered photons;
• and
• means for performing a spatial-resolved detection of said intensity, wherein said means for detecting comprises a phase-resolved detection unit, wherein the excitation beam comprises visible light, wherein said means for intensity modulating said excitation beam is a modulation driver.