A method for the production of gases containing CO and H2 with fine dust <25 μm, by gasification of solid fuels containing ash, such as bituminous coal, lignite coal, and petroleum coke in the flue stream with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen, at temperatures between 1200° C. and 1900° C., and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 8 MPa, and for waste heat recovery, comprising the following steps:
- feeding a pulverized fuel with a water content of <10 wt. %, and a grain size <200 μm to a pneumatic metering system, with the pulverized fuel arriving in at least one pressurized sluice through a bunker;
- bringing the pulverized fuel to a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 8 MPa (80 bar) with a condensate-free gas;
- feeding the pulverized fuel to a metering tank into the bottom of which is fed an inert gas, so that a fluidized bed is formed with a density of 350 to 420 kg/m3;
- feeding the pulverized fuel through a transport pipe to a reactor together with an oxidizing medium containing free oxygen;
- subjecting the pulverized fuel to partial oxidation in a reaction chamber of the reactor, said chamber having a cooling shield, to yield crude gas and ash;
- melting the ash;
- transferring the melted ash together with hot crude gas at a bottom of the reactor through a discharge device to a quenching cooler;
- subjecting the crude gas together with the liquid slag formed from the fuel ash to partial quenching in a quenching chamber of the quenching cooler, the quenching chamber having no internals and being arranged perpendicularly under the reactor, with the partial quenching taking place at temperatures between 700 and 1,100° C.,
- collecting the cooled slag in a first water bath located at a bottom of the quenching chamber;
- passing the partially quenched gas from the quenching chamber to a vertically arranged waste heat boiler located beside the quenching chamber, the waste heat boiler having vertically arranged cooling tubes for steam generation, wherein there is an opening in the waste heat boiler at the bottom of the tubes for the crude gas and a slag discharge with a second water bath;
- spraying water necessary for partial quenching through nozzles arranged in one or more nozzle rings and being flush with an inner jacket of the quenching cooler;
- recovering waste heat from the partially quenched crude gas in the waste heat boiler;
- subjecting the crude gas to a crude gas scrubber to be cleansed of entrained fine dust;
- and subsequently
- subjecting the crude gas to partial condensation by indirectly cooling down by 5 to 10° C.