Scavenging phosphorus, sulfur, and lead from combustion exhaust using tungsten compounds and lubricant

A method for improving the durability of an after treatment device for a combustion system, said method comprising:

• selecting a tungsten source from a group consisting of elemental tungsten, organotungsten, tungsten oxide, sulphur-containing organotungsten, sulphur- and phosphorus-free tungsten compounds, tungsten acids, tungsten trioxide, ammonium ortho tungstate, ammonium metal tungstate, ammonium paratungstate, sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, tungsten halides, tungsten hexacarbonyl, tungsten ethoxide, tungsten oxychloride, tungsten pentacarbonyl-N-pentylisonitrile, tungsten silicide, cyclomatic tungsten compounds, tungsten organoamines, tungsten phosphenes, organo-oxo-tungstenates, MgWO4, CaWO4, and ZnWO4;
• combusting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel and a lubricant in the combustion system;
• as a result of the combusting, producing a combustion product containing at least one contaminant selected from a grout) consisting of phosphorous, sulfur, lead, and compounds thereof;
• introducing tungsten, via the tungsten source, into at least one of the hydrocarbonaceous fuel or the lubricant in an amount sufficient for the tungsten to interact with the at least one contaminant;
• with the tungsten, scavenging at least some of the at least one contaminant from the combustion product:
• as a result of the scavenging, reducing contact between the at least one contaminant and the after treatment device, thereby improving the durability of the after treatment device.

A method of improving the combustion of a fuel in a combustion system, as determined by reduced thermal gravimetric analysis light-off temperature of combustion particulate products, said method comprising:

• lubricating a combustion system with a lubricant comprising a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and a minor amount at least one tungsten source;
• introducing tungsten to the combustion in the combustion system of the fuel;
• selecting the fuel from the group consisting of diesel fuel and motor and aviation gasolines;
• with the tungsten, scavenging at least some of at least one contaminant from the combustion product, wherein the at least one contaminant is selected from a group consisting of phosphorous, sulfur, lead, and compounds thereof;
• as a result of the scavenging, reducing the thermal gravimetric analysis light-off temperature of combustion particulate products in the presence of tungsten relative to the thermal gravimetric analysis light-off temperature of combustion particulate products in the absence of tungsten, thereby improving the combustion of the fuel in the combustion system.

A method to inhibit the formation of a phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing, or lead-containing permeability-reducing glaze on the surface of a catalyst exposed to the products from the combustion in a combustion unit of a fuel, said method comprising:

• adding tungsten to at least one of the fuel or a lubricant for the combustion unit;
• contacting the tungsten or compounds thereof with the products of combustion of the fuel, wherein the combustion products contain at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing and lead-containing materials;
• scavenging the at least one contaminant from the combustion products via the tungsten;
• and
• due to the scavenging, inhibiting the formation of a permeability-reducing glaze containing the at least one contaminant on a surface of a catalyst exposed to the products of combustion of the fuel.

A lubricating oil composition comprising:

• an oil of lubricating viscosity,
• at least one additive selected from a group comprising at least one of an organosulfur compound and an organophosphorous compound,
• a detergent,
• an amount of a metal dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate compound,
• at least one tungsten compound in an amount sufficient to provide the composition with at least 10 ppm of tungsten,
• wherein the tungsten compound selected from a group comprising elemental tungsten, organotungsten, tungsten oxide, sulphur-containing organotungsten, sulphur- and phosphorus-free tungsten compounds, tungsten acids, tungsten trioxide, ammonium ortho tungstate, ammonium metal tungstate, ammonium paratungstate, sodium tungstate, potassium tungstate, tungsten halides, tungsten hexacarbonyl, tungsten ethoxide, tungsten oxychloride, tungsten pentacarbonyl-N-pentylisonitrile, tungsten silicide, cyclomatic tungsten compounds, tungsten organoamines, tungsten phosphenes, organo-oxo-tungstenates, MgWO4, CaWO4, and ZnWO4, and
• an effective amount of a friction modifier,
• wherein said composition has a Noack volatility of about 15 wt % or less.