Single-longitudinal mode laser with orthogonal-polarization traveling-wave mode

A single longitudinal-mode laser, comprising:

• a first mirror;
• a second mirror, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror define a laser cavity therein, wherein the first mirror is configured to allow a pump light at a pumping wavelength to enter the laser cavity, wherein there is no linear polarizer positioned within the laser cavity;
• a birefringent gain medium configured to generate a lasing light at a lasing wavelength along a light propagation direction in response to the pump light, wherein the birefringent gain medium has an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction, wherein the second mirror is configured to output at least a portion of the lasing light out of the laser cavity to form an output laser;
• a first wave plate positioned between the first mirror and the birefringent gain medium, wherein the first wave plate has a first fast axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction, wherein the first fast axis is at a first angle relative to the optical axis of the birefringent gain medium, wherein the first angle is between 30 and 60 degrees;
• and
• a second wave plate positioned between the birefringent gain medium and the second mirror, wherein the second wave plate has a second fast axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction and to the first fast axis, wherein the first wave plat and the second wave plate in part produce a single longitudinal mode in the lasing light.

A single longitudinal-mode laser, comprising:

• a first mirror;
• a second mirror, wherein the first mirror and the second mirror define a laser cavity therein, wherein the first mirror is configured to allow a pump light at a pumping wavelength to enter the laser cavity;
• a first wave plate positioned between the first mirror and the birefringent gain medium, wherein the first wave plate is a quarter wave plate at a lasing wavelength and a whole wave plate at the pumping wavelength, wherein the first wave plate has a first fast axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction, wherein the first fast axis is at a first angle relative to the optical axis of the birefringent gain medium, wherein the first angle is between 30 and 60 degrees;
• a birefringent gain medium configured to generate a first linearly polarized lasing light at the lasing wavelength along a light propagation direction in response to the pump light, wherein the birefringent gain medium has an optical axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction, wherein the first linearly polarized lasing light has a first linear polarization parallel to the optical axis of the birefringent gain medium;
• and
• a second wave plate positioned between the birefringent gain medium and the second mirror, wherein the second wave plate has a second fast axis substantially perpendicular to the light propagation direction and to the first fast axis, wherein the second wave plate is configured to produce a first circularly polarized lasing light, wherein the second mirror is configured to reflect the first circularly polarized lasing light to produce a second circularly polarized lasing light and to output at least a portion of the first circularly polarized lasing light out of the laser cavity to form an output laser, wherein the second wave plate is configured to produce a second linearly polarized lasing light having a second linear polarization perpendicular to the optical axis of the birefringent gain medium in response to the second circularly polarized lasing light.