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US 7,645,305 B1Granted
High stability fuel compositions
AssigneeClean Fuels Technology, Inc.
InventorsGerald N. Coleman, Dennis L. Endicott, Edward A. Jakush
Life of this patent
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Abstract
Improved highly stable formulation for aqueous fuel emulsion compositions with a water continuous phase, having reduced NOx emissions. The fuel emulsion formulation includes diesel fuel, purified water, and an additive package that includes one or more surfactants, lubricity additive, cetane improver, anti-corrosion additive, and an alcohol or other suitable antifreeze, the emulsion having an average droplet size of less than 10 microns.
Claims19
A high-stability, low emission, fuel emulsion composition for a reciprocating engine comprising:
- purified water being substantially 28-50% by weight of said fuel emulsion composition wherein water is a continuous phase of said fuel emulsion;
- hydrocarbon petroleum distillate being substantially 43-70% by weight of said fuel emulsion;
- and
- additives being at least 1% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said additives includes:
- an ignition delay modifier being substantially 0.1%-0.4% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said ignition delay modifier improves fuel detonation characteristics of said fuel emulsion and includes Ammonium Nitrate that acts as an emulsion stabilizer,
- a neutralizer being substantially 0.05%-0.4% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said neutralizer reduces corrosion caused by acids in said fuel emulsion,
- a coupling agent substantially 0.04%-0.1% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said coupling agent maintains phase stability of said fuel emulsion at high temperatures and shear pressures of an internal combustion engine and wherein said coupling agent is a water soluble salt formed from the neutralization reaction of an acid selected from a group consisting of:
- a di-acid of the Diels-Alder adducts of unsaturated fatty acids and a tri-acid of the Diels-Alder adducts of unsaturated fatty acids and an alkanolamine, and
- at least one additive selected from a group consisting of:
- a surfactant being substantially 0.3%-1% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said surfactant facilitates formation of a stable emulsion of said hydrocarbon distillate within said continuous phase of water,
- a lubricant being 0.04% to 0.1% by weight of said emulsion to improve lubricity of said fuel emulsion,
- a corrosion inhibitor being substantially 0.05% by weight of said fuel emulsion, and
- biocides being less than 0.0005% by weight of said fuel emulsion wherein said biocides are an anti-foam agent.
10 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.