Method and apparatus for engineered regenerative biostructures such as hydroxyapatite substrates for bone healing applications

An osteoinductive or osteoconductive biostructure comprising a matrix of interconnected ceramic particles joined directly to each other and having at least one of a porous portion, wherein said porous portion comprises controlled particle packing providing controlled inter-particle pores, and at least two intersecting macrochannels, and having an exterior surface wherein the exterior surface contains at least one groove.

The biostructure of clalm 8, wherein said inter-particle pores have a pore size distribution having a peak in the range of 60 microns to 100 microns.

An osteoinductive or osteoconductive biostructure comprising a matrix of interconnected ceramic particles joined directly to each other and having at least one of a porous portion, wherein said porous portion comprises controlled particle packing providing controlled inter-particle pores, and macrochannels, wherein the biostructure further comprises, in space not otherwise occupied, a co-located polymer and bioactive substance.

An osteoinductive or osteoconductive biostructure comprising a matrix of interconnected particles having at least one of a porous portion, wherein said porous portion comprises controlled particle packing providing controlled inter-particle pores, and having macrochannels such that at least three non-coplanar macrochannels intersect at a common location.

An osteoinductive or osteoconductive biostructure comprising a matrix of interconnected ceramic particles joined directly to each other and having at least one of a porous portion, wherein said porous portion comprises controlled particle packing providing controlled inter-particle pores, wherein the pores of said porous portion are partially occupied with a strengthening agent, and wherein open spaces not occupied by said strengthening agent contain a bioactive substance.

A precursor biostnzcture comprising a matrix of ceramic particales joined to each other by a substance which decomposes into gaseous decomposition products at a first suitable temperature and having at least one of a porous portion, wherein said porous portion comprises controlled particle packing providing controlled inter-particle pores, and further wherein said matrix of interconnected particles comprises multiple discrete regions having different compositions, and wherein at least one of said multiple discrete regions having different compositions converts to another substance by a chemical reaction at a second suitable temperature.