Candle wax stabilized with red-shift benzotriazoles

A composition which consists essentially of

• (a) candle wax which is white and unscented;
• white and scented;
• dyed and unscented;
• dyed and scented;
• dipped and unscented;
• or dipped and scented, and
• (b) an effective stabilizing amount of a red-shifted benzotriazole of formula I, II, III or IV
• wherein
• G1 is hydrogen or halogen,
• G1′ is hydrogen or halogen,
• G2 is halogen, nitro, cyano, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, —CO—G3, —COOG3, —CONHG3, —CON(G3)2, E3SO—, E3SO2—, —P(O)(C6H5)2, —CO—G3, —CO—NH—G3, —CO—N(G3)2, —N(G3)—CO—G3,
• G2′ has the same meaning as G2,
• or in formula IV, one of G2 or G2′ is also hydrogen,
• G3 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
• E1 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 24 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• or E1 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted by one or two hydroxy groups;
• or E1 is a group —(CH2)m—CO—X1—G3 where X1 is —O—, —NH— or —NG3—,
• E2 is a straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by one to three alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
• or E2 is said alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or said alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more —OH, —OCOE11, —OE4, —NCO, —NH2, —NHCOE11, —NHE4 or —N(E4)2, or mixtures thereof, where E4 is straight or branched chain alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms;
• or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more —O—, —NH— or —NE4— groups or mixtures thereof and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more —OH, —OE4 or —NH2 groups or mixtures thereof;
• E2′ has the same meaning as E2;
• n is 1 or 2,
• when n is 1, E5 is OE6 or NE7E8, or
• E5 is —PO(OE12)2, —OSi(E11)3 or —OCO—E11, or straight or branched chain C1-C24alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE11 and which can be unsubstituted or substituted by —OH or —OCO—E11, C5-C12 cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, straight chain or branched C2-C18alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by —OH, C7-C15aralkyl, —CH2—CHOH—E13 or glycidyl,
• E6 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C1-C24alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more OH, OE4 or NH2 groups, or —OE6 is —(OCH2CH2)wOH or —(OCH2CH2)wOE21 where w is 1 to 12 and E21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
• E7 and E8 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain C3-C18alkyl which is interrupted by —O—, —S— or —NE11—, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C6-C14aryl or C1-C3hydroxylalkyl, or E7 and E8 together with the N atom are a pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine or morpholine ring,
• E5 is —X—(Z)p—Y—E15
• wherein
• X is —O— or —N(E16)—,
• Y is —O— or —N(E17)—,
• Z is C2-C12-alkylene, C4-C12-alkylene interrupted by one to three nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms or a mixture thereof, or is C3-C12-alkylene, butenylene, butynylene, cyclohexylene or phenylene, each substituted by a hydroxyl group,
• m is zero, 1 or 2,
• p is 1, or p is also zero when X and Y are —N(E16)— and —N(E17)—, respectively,
• E15 is a group —CO—C(E18)═C(H)E19 or, when Y is —N(E17)—, forms together with E17 a group —CO—CH═CH—CO—, wherein E18 is hydrogen or methyl, and E19 is hydrogen, methyl or —CO—X—E20, wherein E20 is hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl or a group of the formula
• wherein the symbols E1, G2, X, Z, m and p have the meanings defined above, and E16 and E17 independently of one another are hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C12-alkyl interrupted by 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, or is cyclohexyl or C7-C15aralkyl, and E16 together with E17 in the case where Z is ethylene, also forms ethylene,
• when n is 2, one of G2 can also be hydrogen,
• E5 is one of divalent radicals —O—E9—O— or —N(E11)—E10—N(E11)—,
• E9 is C2-C8alkylene, C4-C8alkenylene, C4alkynylene, cyclohexylene, straight or branched chain C4-C10alkylene which is interrupted by —O— or by —CH2—CHOH—CH2—O—E14—O—CH2—CHOH—CH2—,
• E10 being straight or branched chain C2-C12alkylene which may be interrupted by —O—, cyclohexylene, or
• or E10 and E11 with the two nitrogen atoms form a piperazine ring,
• E14 is straight or branched chain C2-C8alkylene, straight or branched chain C4-C10alkylene which is interrupted by —O—, cycloalkylene, arylene or
• where E7 and E8 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or E7 and E8 together are alkylene of 4 to 6 carbon atoms, 3-oxapentamethylene, 3-iminopentamethylene or 3-methyliminopentamethylene,
• E11 is hydrogen, straight or branched chain C1-C18alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, straight or branched chain C2-C18alkenyl, C6-C14aryl or C7-C15aralkyl,
• E12 is straight or branched chain C1-C18alkyl, straight or branched chain C3-C18alkenyl, C5-C10cycloalkyl, C6-C16aryl or C7-C15aralkyl,
• E13 is H, straight chain or branched C1-C18alkyl which is substituted by —PO(OR12)2, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by OH, C7-C15aralkyl or —CH2OE12,
• E3 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms or said aryl substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkyl where the perfluoroalkyl moiety is of 6 to 16 carbon atoms,
• L is alkylene of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkylidene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, benzylidene, p-xylylene, α,α,α′,α′-tetramethyl-m-xylylene or cycloalkylidene, and
• T is —SO—, —SO2—, —SO—E—SO—, —SO2—E—SO2—, —CO—, —CO—CO—, —CO—CH2—CO—, —CO—E—CO—, —COO—E—OCO— or —CO—NG5—E—NG5—CO—,
• where E is alkylene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkylene of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, or alkylene interrupted or terminated by cyclohexylene of 8 to 12 carbon atoms;
• and
• G5 is G3 or hydrogen.