Complex crystal comprising tricyclic organic bases

A complex crystal consisting essentially of;

• the anion of triiodine;
• the cation of pyrazino (2,3-f) phenanthroline, dipyrido (3,2-a;
• 2',3'-c) phenazine, or a derivative thereof having a basic property;
• and
• the anion of a Bronsted acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydroiodic, sulfonic, monocarboxylic, and dicarboxylic acids, wherein the cation and the Bronsted acid anion form a neutral salt, so that an electron placed on the complex crystal is likely to move because of an interaction between the salt and the triiodine anion.

A complex crystal consisting of:

• anions of triiodine arranged linearly;
• cations of acridine or a derivative thereof having a basic property;
• and
• anions of a Bronsted acid which neutralizes the basicity of acridine or a derivative thereof, the Bronsted acid being selected from the group consisting of sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydroiodic, sulfonic, monocarboxylic, and dicarboxylic acids;
• wherein the complex crystal has a structure in which the cations of the acridine or the derivative thereof and a chain of the anions of the triiodine are arranged alternately and orderly, and wherein the cations and the Bronsted acid anions form a neutral salt, so that an electron placed on the complex crystal is likely to move because of an interaction between the salt and the triiodine anions.

A complex crystal consisting of:

• anions of triiodine arranged linearly;
• cations of pyazino (2,3-f) phenanthroline, dipyrido (3,2-a:
• 2',3'-c) phenazine, or a derivative thereof having a basic property;
• and
• anions of a Bronsted acid which neutralizes the basicity of pyrazino (2,3-f) phenanthroline, dipyrido (3,2-a;
• 2',3'-c) phenazine, or a derivative thereof, the Bronsted acid being selected from the group consisting of sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydroiodic, sulfonic, monocarboxylic, and dicarboxylic acids;
• wherein the complex crystal has a structure in which the cations of the pyrazino (2,3-f) phenanthroline, the dipyrido (3,2-a:2',3'-c) phenazine, or the derivative thereof and a chain of the anions of the triiodine are arranged alternately and orderly, and wherein the cations and the Bronsted acid anions form a neutral salt, so that an electron placed on the complex crystal is likely to move because of an interaction between the salt and the triiodine anions.