Method and apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image storage and retrieval system

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of the low resolution image components;
• b) computing a predicted value for the high-resolution pixel value being processed from the to be adjusted low-resolution image using interpolation;
• c) determining the difference value between the predicted value from the low-resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• d) comparing the difference value against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• e) adjusting a pixel value in the low-resolution image to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image if an error exists;
• and making no adjustment if an error does not exist;
• and
• f) repeating steps b) through e) for all the pixels in the high-resolution image;

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of low resolution image pixel values;
• b) determining the difference value between the pixel values in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• c) comparing the difference value against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• d) adjusting the image pixel value within the low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image;
• e) using the image pixel value as part of the adjusted low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• f) repeating steps b) through e) for each pixel value in the higher resolution image.

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying pixel values to pixel positions within a low resolution image to form a low resolution image component;
• b) sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of the low resolution image components;
• c) determining the difference value between the pixel value in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• d) comparing the difference values against established conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• e) adjusting the image pixel value within the low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image;
• f) using the image pixel value as part of the adjusted low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• g) repeating steps b) through f) for each pixel value in the higher resolution image.

Apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values, and residual image pixel values, comprising:

• means for applying pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a low resolution image component;
• means for determining the difference values between the pixel values in the low resolution image component and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting the image pixel values within the low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image component and using the image pixel value as part of the adjusted low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• means for forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of the adjusted low resolution image component;
• means for determining the difference values between the interpolated pixel values in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting the image pixel values within the adjusted low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form a twice adjusted low resolution image component;
• and
• means for using the image pixel value as part of the twice adjusted low resolution image component if an error does not exist.

Apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image components and residual image components comprising:

• means for sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of the low resolution image components;
• means for determining the difference value between the pixel value in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing the difference values against established conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting an image pixel value within the low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image;
• means for using the image pixel value as part of the adjusted low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• means for controlling said means for sequentially forming so as to form blocks for all of the pixels of the high resolution image.

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• b) determining the difference values between the pixel values in the watermarked low resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• c) comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• d) adjusting the watermark image pixel values within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• and
• e) using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist.

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• b) determining the difference values between the pixel values in the watermarked low resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• c) comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• d) adjusting the watermark image pixel values within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• e) using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• f) forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image components of steps d) and e);
• g) determining the difference values between the interpolated pixel values in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• h) comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• i) adjusting further the watermark image pixel values within the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• and
• j) using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist.

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• b) computing a predicted value for the high-resolution pixel value being processed from the to be adjusted watermarked low-resolution image using interpolation;
• c) determining the difference value between the predicted value from the low-resolution watermarked image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• d) comparing the difference value against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• e) adjusting a pixel value in the low-resolution watermarked image to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image if an error exists;
• and making no adjustment if an error does not exist;
• and
• f) repeating steps b) through e) for all the pixels in the high-resolution image;

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• b) sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of the watermarked low resolution image components;
• c) determining the difference value between the pixel value in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• d) comparing the difference value against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• e) adjusting the watermark image pixel value within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• f) using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• g) repeating steps b) through f) for each pixel value in the higher resolution image.

A method for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising the steps of:

• a) applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• b) sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of the watermarked low resolution image components;
• c) determining the difference value between the pixel value in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• d) comparing the difference values against established conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• e) adjusting the watermark image pixel value within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• f) using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• g) repeating steps b) through f) for each pixel value in the higher resolution image.

Apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising:

• means for applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• means for determining the difference values between the pixel values in the watermarked low resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• and
• means for adjusting the watermark image pixel values within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image component and using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist.

Apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image pixel values and residual image pixel values and applies a watermark to the low resolution image pixel values comprising:

• means for applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• means for determining the difference values between the pixel values in the watermarked low resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting the watermark image pixel values within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted low resolution image component and using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• means for forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• means for determining the difference values between the interpolated pixel values in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel values in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing each of the difference values against quantizer conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting the watermark image pixel values within the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form a twice adjusted watermarked low resolution image component;
• and
• means for using the watermark image pixel value as part of the twice adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist.

Apparatus for reducing quantization artifacts in a hierarchical image system of the type that decomposes a high resolution image into low resolution image components and residual image components and applies a watermark to the low resolution image components comprising:

• means for applying watermark pixel values to pixel positions within the low resolution image to form a watermarked low resolution image component;
• means for sequentially forming a predicted higher resolution image by interpolating the pixel values of a first block of the watermarked low resolution image components;
• means for determining the difference value between the pixel value in the predicted higher resolution image and the corresponding pixel value in the higher resolution image;
• means for comparing the difference values against established conversion values to determine if an error would exist for an executed conversion;
• means for adjusting the watermark image pixel value within the watermarked low resolution image component if an error would exist, to a value that eliminates the error to form an adjusted watermarked low resolution image;
• means for using the watermark image pixel value as part of the adjusted watermarked low resolution image component if an error does not exist;
• and
• means for controlling said means for sequentially forming so as to form blocks for all of the pixels of the high resolution image.