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US 5,509,189 AGranted
Method for making an electrochemical cell
AssigneeMassachusetts Institute of Technology, a MA Corp.
InventorsHarry L. Tuller, Steve A. Kramer, Marlene A. Spears, Uday B. Pal
Life of this patent
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Abstract
An electrochemical device including a solid electrolyte and solid electrode composed of materials having different chemical compositions and characterized by different electrical properties but having the same crystalline phase is provided. A method for fabricating an electrochemical device having a solid electrode and solid electrolyte characterized by the same crystalline phase is provided.
Claims24
A method for fabricating an electrochemical device comprising:
- (1) depositing a solid electrolyte characterized by a solid electrolyte crystalline phase and solid electrolyte composition on a substrate using a deposition technique selected from the group consisting of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and sol-gel dipping/spinning and sintering;
- and
- (2) depositing by using a deposition technique selected from the group consisting of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and Sol-gel dipping/spinning and sintering a solid electrode characterized by a solid electrode crystalline phase that is the same as said solid electrolyte crystalline phase and by a solid electrode composition so that said solid electrolyte is in electrical contact with said solid electrode.
A method for fabricating an electrochemical apparatus comprising:
- (1) preparing a solid electrolyte made of solid electrolyte material characterized by a solid electrolyte crystalline phase;
- and
- (2) preparing a solid electrode made of solid electrode material characterized by a solid electrode crystalline phase which is the same as said solid electrolyte crystalline phase and in electrical contact with said solid electrolyte wherein said solid electrolyte and said solid electrode are selected from the group of materials consisting of a solid solution having a pyrochlore crystal structure and characterized by the formula A.sub.2 B.sub.2 O.sub.7-.delta. wherein A is an A cation of an element selected from the group consisting of Sm, Gd, Ho, Pr, Nd, Pm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y, Sc, Bi, Pb and mixtures thereof and B is a cation selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, In, Ti, Hf, Sn, Pb, Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, Pd, Pt, Sb, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W and mixtures thereof and wherein .delta. indicates the extent of oxygen deficiency or excess relative to seven oxygens per formula unit and is in the range of from about .+-.0.001 to about .+-.0.3;
- a solid solution having a perovskite crystal structure and characterized by the formula ABO.sub.3-.delta. wherein A is an A cation of an element selected from the group consisting of Pb and Bi and mixtures thereof, B is selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ti, Zr, In, Mg, Zn, Sc, Ta, Nb and Al and mixtures thereof and .delta. is in the range of from 0 to about 3;
- and a solid solution having a fluorite crystal structure and characterized by the formula A.sub.1-j D.sub.j O.sub.2.+-..epsilon. wherein A is an A cation of an element selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr, Hf and Th and mixtures thereof, and D is a D cation of an element selected from the group consisting of Pr and Tb and mixtures thereof and .epsilon. indicates the extent of oxygen deficiency or excess relative to two oxygens per formula unit and .epsilon. is in the range of from about 0 to about .+-.0.3.
2 more elements
A method for fabricating an electrochemical device comprising:
- (1) depositing a rare earth titanate pyrochlore solid electrolyte characterized by a solid electrolyte crystalline phase on a substrate using an electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD) technique;
- and
- (2) depositing a solid electrode characterized by a solid electrode crystalline phase that is the same as said solid electrolyte crystalline phase so that said solid electrolyte is in electrical contact with said solid electrode.
A method for fabricating an electrochemical device comprising:
- (1) providing a solid electrolyte characterized by a solid electrolyte crystalline phase;
- and
- (2) depositing a rare earth titanate pyrochlore solid electrode characterized by a solid electrode crystalline phase that is the same as said solid electrolyte crystalline phase using an electrochemical vapor deposition (EVD) technique so that said solid electrolyte is in electrical contact with said solid electrode.
A method for fabricating an electrochemical device comprising:
- (1) selecting a solid solution including a first solid solution chemical composition characterized by predominantly ionic conductivity and a second solid solution chemical composition different from said first solid solution chemical composition and characterized by predominantly electronic conductivity and a third solid solution chemical composition intermediate between said first solid solution chemical composition and said second solid solution chemical composition and wherein said first, second, and third solid solution chemical compositions are characterized by a same solid solution crystalline phase;
- (2) preparing an electrolyte ceramic powder having said first solid solution chemical composition;
- (3) preparing an electrode ceramic powder having said second solid solution chemical composition;
- (4) preparing an intermediate ceramic powder having said third solid solution chemical composition;
- (5) forming an electrolyte layer from said electrolyte ceramic powder;
- (6) forming an electrode layer from said electrode ceramic powder;
- (7) forming an intermediate layer from said intermediate ceramic powder;
- (8) assembling said electrolyte layer, said electrode layer and said intermediate layer so that said intermediate layer intervenes between said electrolyte layer and said electrode layer to form a green composite body;
- and
- (9) sintering said green composite body to form said electrochemical device .
7 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.