Method for measuring the bacterial content of liquids using amperometric means in a bioelectrochemical cell comprising initially oxidizing an electron transfer mediator in the cell, then bringing the mediator into contact with a filter containing the bacteria of a liquid sample, to produce a first response at the electrodes, and finally bringing the mediator into contact again with the filter after the bacteria present have been killed by chemical means to produce a second response due to interfering substances, which is subtracted from the first response to produce data representative of the bacterial content of the sample.