Toner compositions and processes thereof

A process for the preparation of an in situ toner comprising:

• (i) milling a mixture of a polymeric resin, a pigment and an organic solvent;
• (ii) homogenizing the mixture in an aqueous solution containing at least one surfactant;
• (iii) heating the homogenized mixture obtained in step (ii) to form toner particles with a volume average diameter particle size of from about 0.5 to about 10,microns;
• (iv) halogenating the toner particles to form a toner having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell;
• and
• (v) optionally isolating the surface halogenated toner formed in step (iv).

A process for the preparation of an in situ toner comprising:

• (i) preparing an organic phase comprised of a first nonpolar olefinic monomer, a second nonpolar diolefinic monomer, a thermoplastic resin, a pigment, a free radical initiator that is suspended or dissolved in the organic phase, optionally an organic solvent, and optionally a charge control agent;
• (ii) adding the organic phase to an aqueous phase containing at least one surfactant;
• (iii) shearing the organic phase into the aqueous phase to form a microdroplet suspension of the organic phase dispersed in the aqueous phase;
• (iv) heating and polymerizing the microdroplets in the suspension to form a mixture of nonpolar olefinic resin particles with a volume average diameter particle size of from about 0.5 to about 10 microns;
• (v) halogenating the nonpolar olefinic resin particle mixture to form a nonpolar toner having a halopolymer resin outer surface or encapsulating shell;
• and
• (vi) optionally isolating the surface halogenated nonpolar toner.