Multi-modal methods for grading an arteriovenous malformation and systems thereof

A computer-implemented apparatus for characterizing a lesion in a blood vessel depicted in a radiography image, the computer-implemented apparatus comprising:

• an identifying unit configured to identify a void in the radiography image, the void being representative of a presence of the lesion;
• and
• at least one processor configured to cause the computer-implemented apparatus to,
• determine a distance from the identified void to a region of interest in the radiography image,
• determine a size of a nidus located between an artery and a vein,
• determine a presence of a deep venous drainage in the radiography image, and
• determine a grading of the lesion based on at least one of the determined distance of the void to the region of interest, the size of the nidus or the presence of the deep venous drainage.