Grounded positive and negative capacitance multiplier

A low-pass filter for processing human biosignals, comprising:

• a multiplied capacitance obtained from a base capacitor and a grounded positive and negative capacitance multiplier, the capacitance multiplier including a first number (i) of current conveyors connected in a cascaded manner, wherein
• each current conveyor includes a transconductance amplifier (OTA), a feedback network (FBN) including a second number (N) of CMOS inverters, and a feedforward network (FFN) including a third number (M) of CMOS inverters,
• the base capacitor is connected between a first input terminal of a first current conveyor of the cascaded current conveyors and a ground node,
• the multiplied capacitance is obtained between a second input terminal of the first current conveyor and the ground node, with a capacitance value given by
• (
• -
• M
• N
• )
• i
• *
• C
• B
• ,
• where CB represents a capacitance of the base capacitor,
• when i is an odd number, the multiplied capacitance has a negative value, and
• when i is an even number, the multiplied capacitance has a positive value.