Test method and system for high-speed impact of foreign object on rail vehicle component in low-temperature environment

A test system for high-speed impact of a foreign object on a rail vehicle component in a low-temperature environment, comprising:

• a rapid cooling environmental chamber, configured to provide a low-temperature test environment and accommodate a to-be-tested component, wherein one side surface of the rapid cooling environmental chamber is provided with an openable and closable impact object entrance door, a liquid nitrogen condensation pipe is laid on inner walls of the other side surfaces of the rapid cooling environmental chamber, and the impact object entrance door is provided with an impact object entrance port;
• a self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank, connected to the liquid nitrogen condensation pipe through a conveying pipeline, and configured to provide a cooling medium for the rapid cooling environmental chamber;
• a high-pressure air cannon system, configured to provide a power source for an impact object, comprising an air cannon, an air compressor connected to the air cannon, a projectile compartment arranged on the air cannon, and a barrel connected to the projectile compartment, wherein one end of an outlet of the barrel is provided with a velocimeter, and during use, the outlet of the barrel is configured to be aligned with the impact object entrance port;
• a strain collection system, configured to collect a strain response of an impact zone, comprising a high-speed camera, an environmental temperature and humidity sensor, and to-be-tested component temperature and humidity sensors, wherein the high-speed camera is mounted on a pre-mounted connector on a wall surface of the rapid cooling environmental chamber, and configured to capture an impact process;
• the to-be-tested component temperature and humidity sensors are embedded in the to-be-tested component, and configured to monitor temperature and humidity parameters of the to-be-tested component;
• and the environmental temperature and humidity sensor is arranged in the rapid cooling environmental chamber, and configured to monitor temperature and humidity parameters in the rapid cooling environmental chamber;
• and
• a microcomputer system, connected to the strain collection system in a communicating manner, and configured to perform centralized processing, storage and analysis on data collected by the strain collection system, and control the high-pressure air cannon system, the rapid cooling environmental chamber and the self-pressurizing liquid nitrogen tank to work cooperatively, so as to complete a complete test flow from environmental cooling and impact launching to data collecting.