Security document, system for producing a security document, and method for producing a security document

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the arithmetic mean of measured values of the reflection and/or of the reflected and/or scattered light, preferably of grayscale values, in the first region is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, further preferably at least 15%, greater at a predefined first observation angle than at a predefined second observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element is designed such that an increase in a brightness, in particular in the second region (22), is smaller in the absorption region (30) than in the background region (21) in the case of a change from observation at the predefined second observation angle to observation at the predefined first observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the absorption region (30), at least in the first region, has an optical density with a maximum K value of 3, in particular measured according to ISO 13655:2017 (E).

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the contrast between absorption region (30) and background region (21) in the second region (21) has at most a value of 0.1, preferably 0.15, at the first observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the optically variable effect of the first security element (2) is visible only when the first side is observed.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security document (1), preferably when observed from the first side behind the first security element, has a semi-transparent or opaque contrast layer to increase the contrast of the item of personalized information, in particular at an observation angle that is not the same as the first predefined observation angle, wherein the contrast layer preferably contains fillers, in particular contains TiO2, for the preferably diffuse scattering of incident light.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the security document (1) is semi-transparent or transparent, in particular not opaque, between the absorption layer and the first security element.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• in a third region (40), the security document comprises a second security element (4) with an optically variable effect, which is arranged in front of the absorption layer (31, 52) when the first side is observed, in particular wherein the third region (40) does not overlap the absorption region (30) or overlaps it partially or over the whole surface.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and the second security element (4) are visible, in particular are visible with the human eye, when the first side is observed.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and the second security element (4) and in particular also the absorption region (30), preferably a blackening or printed layer of the absorption layer, overlap in an overlap region.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• in the second region, in particular in the background region (21), the first security element (2) appears achromatic when observed at the predefined first observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• at least in a first partial region of the absorption region (30), which forms a grayscale image or a multicolored image, preferably a portrait, the first security element (2) appears achromatic, in particular is achromatically visible, when observed at the predefined first observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) forms only a partial region of the first side of the security document (1).

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) is arranged partially overlapping or overlapping part of the surface of at least one first partial region of the absorption region (30), which forms a grayscale image or a multicolored image, in a closed and coherent region with a minimum width or minimum length of 80%, preferably 100%, of a region (30) provided for the first partial region of the absorption region (30), wherein the provided region is preferably a region defined for a portrait.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) is colored in a fourth region, wherein the fourth region overlaps, in particular in regions, a second partial region of the absorption region (30), which is preferably formed of alphanumeric characters.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the at least one item of personalized information (3) is formed by means of manipulation of the absorption layer (52) with a laser, in particular through a blackening, and/or through a printed layer (31) comprised or formed by the absorption layer.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• when the first side is observed, a further absorption layer (521) is arranged behind the first security element (2), in particular wherein the at least one item of personalized information (3) is composed of the absorption layer (52) and the further absorption layer (521) when observed at the second observation angle.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) is designed semi-transparent and/or transparent.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the second security element (4) is designed opaque, in particular has a transmittance selected from the range of from 0.1% to 30%, preferably from 1% to 10%, in the wavelength range visible to the human eye.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the absorption region (30) is arranged in register with the background region (21).

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) has a carrier, in particular made of PET or PEN, wherein the carrier preferably has a layer thickness in a range of from 5 μm to 150 μm, further preferably from 5 μm to 50 μm, still further preferably from 10 μm to 25 μm.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) has at least one replication layer, in particular wherein the at least one replication layer has a layer thickness in a range of from 0.2 μm to 20 μm, preferably from 0.2 μm to 10 μm.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) has at least one reflective layer with a preferred layer thickness selected from the range of from 40 nm to 200 nm, further preferably from 40 nm to 100 nm, wherein the reflective layer is formed in particular of ZnS or TiO2 and/or wherein the reflective layer preferably has a refractive index of more than 1.9 in the wavelength range visible to the human eye, preferably of from 420 nm to 780 nm.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the reflective layer is arranged over part of the surface or over the whole surface in the security document (1), preferably in the first security element (2), in particular wherein the reflective layer has different layer thicknesses at least over part of the surface.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) has at least one stabilizing layer with a preferred layer thickness selected from the range of from 0.5 μm to 20 μm, further preferably from 1.0 μm to 10 μm, wherein the stabilizing layer is single-layered or multi-layered and preferably comprises an adhesion-promoter layer.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4) has at least one adhesive layer with a preferred layer thickness selected from the range of from 0.2 μm to 20 μm, further preferably of 0.2 μm to 10 μm, in particular wherein the adhesive layer is formed of hot-melt adhesive or cold glue, and wherein the adhesive layer is designed single-layered or multi-layered.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) and/or the second security element (4), in particular in the reflective layer and/or the replication layer, has at least one relief structure, in particular wherein the at least one relief structure deflects, preferably diffracts and/or reflects, the incident light in predetermined angle ranges.

Security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the at least one relief structure is a blazed structure, in particular with a grating period of more than 3 μm, further preferably more than 5 μm, and in particular at most 25 μm, and/or in a range of from 3 μm to 25 μm.

System (10) for producing a security document (1) according to one of the preceding claims comprising an auxiliary carrier (105), wherein a first partial element (11) of the security document (1) and a second partial element (12) of the security document (1) is arranged on the auxiliary carrier (105),

• wherein the first partial element (11) can be made to overlay the second partial element (12) by bending the auxiliary carrier (105),
• wherein the first partial element (11) optionally has a first carrier element (104) and has the first security element (2) and the second partial element (12) optionally has the second carrier element (103) and has an adhesive layer (101) and at least one covering and/or the second security element (4), wherein the adhesive layer (101) is arranged on the side of the covering and/or of the second security element (4) facing away from the auxiliary carrier (105), wherein the absorption layer (52, 31) with the absorption region (30) is arranged on or can be attached to the side of the first partial element (11) facing away from the auxiliary carrier (105).

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• in particular in the case of observation perpendicular to a plane spanned by the second partial element (12), the second security element (2) is present in more than 80% of the surface, preferably more than 90% of the surface, or over the whole surface in the second partial element (12) and comprises a reflective layer in the form of an HRI layer, in particular wherein a relief structure with a diffractive optical effect is molded in the reflective layer.

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• a fold edge is arranged between the first partial element (11) of the security document and the second partial element (12) of the security document, wherein the fold edge separates the first partial element of the security document and the second partial element of the security document in such a way that the partial elements (11, 12) can be made to overlay by folding at the fold edge.

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the fold edge is present in a region in which neither the first carrier element (104) nor the second carrier element (103) is provided or in that first and second carrier element are formed by a layer which separates the first and second partial elements by a weak point, in particular an indentation, a scoring or a perforation, which form the fold edge, connects.

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the first security element (2) is arranged in the first partial element (11) of the security document on the side of the first carrier element (104) facing away from the auxiliary carrier (105) and in that the second security element (4) is arranged, preferably over part of the surface or over the whole surface, in the second partial element (12) of the security document between carrier element (103) and adhesive layer (101).

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that,
• in the first partial element (11) and/or in the second partial element (12), at least one carrier layer, which in particular forms the first and/or second carrier element (103, 104), is arranged on a side facing the auxiliary carrier (105), wherein the carrier layer (103, 104) in particular consists of or comprises PET.

System according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the second partial element (12) of the security document has a protective layer (102), wherein the protective layer is arranged on the side of the adhesive layer (101) facing away from the second carrier element (103), wherein the protective layer is detachable from the adhesive layer and wherein the protective layer in particular consists of or comprises silicone.

Method for producing a security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the following step is carried out in particular before, during or after the arranging of the absorption layer (52, 31) and the first security element (31):
• introducing the at least one item of personalized information (3).

Method for producing a security document according to one of the preceding claims,

• characterized in that
• the introduction of the at least one item of personalized information (3) is carried out by means of a laser by blackening the absorption layer (52) and/or by printing the absorption layer (31).