Picture encoding and decoding method and apparatus

A terminal device, comprising:

• a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is coupled to the processor;
• and
• the memory stores program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the terminal device is enabled to perform:
• receiving a bitstream;
• obtaining, based on the bitstream, a residual picture and a first reference frame list that correspond to a current frame;
• obtaining a virtual reference frame corresponding to the current frame;
• obtaining, based on the virtual reference frame and the first reference frame list, a second reference frame list corresponding to the current frame;
• obtaining, based on the second reference frame list, a predicted picture corresponding to the current frame;
• and
• performing reconstruction based on the predicted picture and the residual picture, to obtain a reconstructed picture of the current frame.

A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is run on a computer or a processor, the computer or the processor is enabled to perform:

• receiving a bitstream;
• obtaining, based on the bitstream, a residual picture and a first reference frame list that correspond to a current frame;
• obtaining a virtual reference frame corresponding to the current frame;
• obtaining, based on the virtual reference frame and the first reference frame list, a second reference frame list corresponding to the current frame;
• obtaining, based on the second reference frame list, a predicted picture corresponding to the current frame;
• and
• performing reconstruction based on the predicted picture and the residual picture, to obtain a reconstructed picture of the current frame.