Processes for producing reaction products including quaternary ammonium salts

A composition comprising a di-hydrocarbyl quaternary ammonium salt according to at least one of the following general formulas I or II:

• wherein, independently for each molecule of the compound:
• each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• each R2 is a hydrocarbyl group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• each R3 is a hydrocarbylene group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
• each R4 is a hydrocarbyl group of from 20 to 180 carbon atoms;
• each R5 is a hydrocarbylene group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• each R6 is a hydrocarbylene group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
• each R7 is a hydrocarbyl group of from 20 to 180 carbon atoms;
• each R8 is a hydrocarbylene group of from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;
• each Xa is a group derived from the quaternizing agent;
• and
• each Xb is a group derived from the quaternizing agent.