Fixing apparatus and image forming apparatus

A fixing apparatus comprising:

• a first rotatable member;
• a second rotatable member having an outer peripheral surface in contact with an outer peripheral surface of the first rotatable member, the first rotatable member and the second rotatable member together forming a nip portion configured to nip and convey a recording material bearing an unfixed toner image;
• a heating portion configured to heat the unfixed toner image on the recording material in the nip portion;
• and
• a circuit portion including a contact member and configured to remove electric charge from the first rotatable member, the contact member being in electrical contact with the outer peripheral surface of the first rotatable member,
• wherein the outer peripheral surface of the second rotatable member is electrically connected to the circuit portion via the outer peripheral surface of the first rotatable member,
• wherein X is a surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the second rotatable member in ohms per square (Ω/□), Y is a surface resistivity of the outer peripheral surface of the first rotatable member in ohms per square (Ω/□), and log denotes a base-10 logarithm, and
• wherein:
• 4.
• ≤
• log
• ⁢
• X
• ≤
• 13.
• ,
• 5.
• ≤
• log
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• Y
• ≤
• 14.
• ,
• log
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• Y
• ≥
• 13.
• -
• log
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• X
• ,
• and
• log
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• Y
• ≤
• 23.
• -
• log
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• X
• .