Embedded transmissive diffractive optical elements

A lens, comprising:

• a first antireflective layer;
• a second antireflective layer above the first antireflective layer;
• a plurality of first phase shift structures of a first material extending vertically between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer;
• a plurality of second phase shift structures of a second material extending vertically between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer, wherein the second phase shift structures are interspersed among the first phase shift structures, wherein the first phase shift structures and the second phase shift structures have a same height and varying widths.

A lens, comprising:

• a first antireflective layer;
• a second antireflective layer above the first antireflective layer;
• a first phase shift structure of a first material and a first width extending vertically between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer;
• a second phase shift structure of the first material and a second width different than the first width and vertically extending between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer;
• a third phase shift structure of a second material and a third width different than the first and second widths and extending vertically between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer;
• and
• a fourth phase shift structure of the second material and a fourth width different than the first, second, and third widths and vertically extending between the first antireflective layer and the second antireflective layer, wherein the first material produces no phase shift in transmitted light, wherein the second material produces a phase shift of pi radians in transmitted light.