Electroactive materials for metal-ion batteries
OwnerCharles MASON, Chris FRIEND +1inventors
InventorsCharles MASON, Chris FRIEND, William MACKLIN
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Abstract
This invention relates to particulate electroactive materials consisting of a plurality of composite particles, wherein the composite particles comprise: (a) a porous carbon framework including micropores and mesopores having a total volume of 0.4 to 0.75 cm3/g, wherein the micropore volume fraction is in the range of 0.5 to 0.85 based on the total volume of micropores and mesopores; and (b) silicon located at least within the micropores of the porous carbon framework in a defined amount relative to the volume of the micropores and mesopores.
Claims24
1-41. (canceled)
A particulate material comprising a plurality of composite particles, wherein the composite particles comprise:
- (a) a porous carbon framework comprising micropores and/or mesopores, wherein
- the micropores and/or mesopores have a total pore volume as measured by gas adsorption of P1 cm3/g, wherein P1 has a value in the range from 0.7 to 1.4, and
- the PD50 pore diameter as measured by gas adsorption is no more than 4 nm;
- the PD90 pore diameter as measured by gas adsorption is no more than 15 nm;
- and
- (b) a plurality of nanoscale silicon domains located within the micropores and/or mesopores of the porous carbon framework,
- wherein
- the weight ratio of silicon to the porous carbon framework in the composite particles is in the range from [0.5×P1 to 1.3×P1]:1;
- the particulate material has a Z value of no more than 10% as determined by TGA analysis in air, in which Z=1.875×[(Mf−M800)/Mf]×100%, in which Mf is the mass of the TGA sample at completion of oxidation and M800 is the mass of the TGA sample at 800° C.;
- and
- the total oxygen content of the composite particles is less than 10 wt %.
A particulate material comprising a plurality of composite particles, wherein the composite particles comprise:
- (a) a porous carbon framework comprising micropores and/or mesopores, wherein
- the micropores and/or mesopores have a total pore volume as measured by gas adsorption of P1 cm3/g, wherein P1 has a value of no more than 1.4, and
- the PD70 pore diameter as measured by gas adsorption is no more than 5 nm;
- and
- (b) a plurality of nanoscale silicon domains located within the micropores and/or mesopores of the porous carbon framework,
- wherein
- the weight ratio of silicon to the porous carbon framework in the composite particles is in the range from [0.5×P1 to 1.3×P1]:1;
- the particulate material has a Z value of no more than 10% as determined by TGA analysis in air, in which Z=1.875×[(Mf−M800)/Mf]×100%, in which Mf is the mass of the TGA sample at completion of oxidation and M800 is the mass of the TGA sample at 800° C.;
- and
- the composite particles have a particle size distribution span of 5 or less.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.