Reflective transmission line with negative impedance cells

A phase shifter comprising:

• reflection-type phase shifter circuitry including:
• a first distributed reflective load including first negative impedance cells;
• a second distributed reflective load including second negative impedance cells;
• and
• an I/Q generator having a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, the second terminal of the I/Q generator coupled to the first distributed reflective load, and the third terminal of the I/Q generator coupled to the second distributed reflective load.

An apparatus comprising:

• a processor;
• transceiver circuitry coupled to the processor, and
• antenna array terminals coupled to the transceiver circuitry, the transceiver circuitry including:
• bidirectional phase shifter circuitry, the bidirectional phase shifter circuitry including:
• a first distributed reflective load including first negative impedance cells;
• a second distributed reflective load including second negative impedance cells;
• and
• an I/Q generator having a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and a fourth terminal, the second terminal of the I/Q generator coupled to the first distributed reflective load, and the third terminal of the I/Q generator coupled to the second distributed reflective load.