Method for forming a metal layer on the surface of a solid ion-conducting substrate, substrate which can be produced using the method, and anode-free battery

A method for forming a metal layer on a surface of a solid, ion-conducting substrate, the method comprising:

• a) spraying metal particles along a spray path in the direction of a solid, ion-conducting substrate, wherein the metal particles
• i) are at least partially molten metal particles, or
• ii) are solid metal particles which are heated along the spray path, and/or by their impact velocity on the solid ion-conducting substrate, to a temperature which is higher than the melting temperature of the metal particles, wherein at least partially molten metal particles are formed;
• and
• b) allowing the at least partially molten metal particles to solidify on the solid, ion-conducting substrate, wherein a metal layer is formed which is arranged on the solid, ion-conducting substrate.