Combined sensing and adjustment tool for hip arthroplasty balancing

A hip joint balancing system, the system comprising:

• a femoral head offset tool positioned adjacent to femoral stem and interfaces with an acetabular structure, wherein the femoral head offset tool comprises:
• a head including a chamber extending linearly from an opening to a closed end, wherein the head is configured to interface with the acetabular structure, wherein the acetabular structure is elected from a group comprising an acetabular cup, a native acetabulum, and an acetabular defect;
• a collar configured to attach to the femoral stem;
• force sensors positioned within at least one of the head, the collar, or an interface between the head and collar to measure multi-axis forces transmitted through the femoral head offset tool during a range of motion testing;
• an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) to measure orientation data, wherein the orientation data is representative of spatial positioning of the femoral head offset tool;
• and
• a spring-loaded ratcheting mechanism comprising a spring system configured to automatically adjust femoral head offset by moving the head relative to the collar by applying spring force against soft tissue resistance during surgeon-guided range of motion testing until force equilibrium is achieved;
• a reference module attached to a bone structure to establish orientation reference for measuring relative motion between femur and the bone structure;
• a sensing controller comprising a processor and memory and wireless communication interface, the processor configured to:
• receive the multi-axis force data from the force sensors and the orientation data from the IMU via the wireless communication interface;
• receive the reference orientation data from the reference module;
• process the multi-axis force data and the orientation data to monitor an automatic adjustment process of the spring-loaded ratcheting mechanism balancing spring force against soft tissue resistance, wherein the sensing controller provides real-time feedback on a display during range of motion testing and surgeon manipulation;
• analyze both the multi-axis force data and the orientation data to detect when spring force equals soft tissue resistance and positional stability is achieved, wherein force equilibrium combined with position stability indicates optimal femoral head positioning;
• and
• responsive to detecting spring force equals soft tissue resistance, provide an indicator that force equilibrium is achieved.