A method for determining, predicting or estimating the biological age of a subject, for providing a measurement for use in determining, predicting or estimating the biological age of a subject, for predicting the presence or absence of at least one disease in a subject, predicting the severity of at least one disease in a subject, predicting the risk of a subject developing at least one disease;
- and/or predicting the risk of mortality of a subject
- wherein the method comprises a) measuring, in a biological sample obtained from the subject at a first time point, the presence or amount of each biomarker in a set of biomarkers, wherein the set of biomarkers comprises
- i) at least 7 biomarkers selected from Table 1:
- Or
- TABLE 1
- Acrosomal protein SP-10
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- Agouti-related protein
- Immunoglobulin superfamily DCC
- subclass member 4
- CUB domain-containing protein 1
- Prostate-specific antigen
- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
- Kallikrein-7
- C-X-C motif chemokine 17
- Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- Latent-transforming growth factor
- superfamily member 27
- beta-binding protein 2
- Elastin
- Neurofilament light polypeptide
- Endoglin
- Podocalyxin-like protein 2
- Follitropin subunit beta
- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein
- phosphatase R
- Growth/differentiation factor 15
- Scavenger receptor class F member 2
- ii) at least 50 biomarkers selected from Table 2:
- TABLE 2
- Acrosomal protein SP-10
- PDZ domain-containing protein GIPC2
- Actin, aortic smooth muscle
- Pancreatic secretory granule
- membrane major glycoprotein GP2
- Adenosine deaminase
- Granzyme B
- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase
- Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1
- with thrombospondin motifs 13
- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase
- Hemicentin-2
- with thrombospondin motifs 15
- A disintegrin and metalloproteinase
- Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase
- with thrombospondin motifs 16
- isozyme 1
- ADAMTS-like protein 5
- Immunoglobulin superfamily DCC
- subclass member 4
- Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor
- Interleukin-17D
- G1
- Alpha-fetoprotein
- Interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha
- Advanced glycosylation end product-
- Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha
- specific receptor
- Agouti-related protein
- Insulin-like 3
- Protein AHNAK2
- Integrin alpha-V
- Angiopoietin-2
- Integrin beta-5
- BAG family molecular chaperone
- Integrin beta-like protein 1
- regulator 3
- Brevican core protein
- Kinesin-like protein KIF22
- Osteocalcin
- Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor
- Kit
- Brother of CDO
- Kallikrein-14
- Basigin
- Prostate-specific antigen
- Protein C19orf12
- Kallikrein-4
- Complement C1q-like protein 2
- Kallikrein-7
- Carbonic anhydrase 14
- Kallikrein-8
- Carbonic anhydrase 4
- Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily
- F member 1
- Calbindin
- Neural cell adhesion molecule L1
- Coiled-coil domain-containing protein
- Extracellular glycoprotein lacritin
- 80
- C-C motif chemokine 28
- Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2
- CCN family member 5
- Protein LEG1 homolog
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1c
- Lutropin subunit beta
- Endosialin
- Leiomodin-1
- T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha
- Lactoperoxidase
- chain
- Complement component C1q receptor
- Latent-transforming growth factor beta-
- binding protein 2
- CUB domain-containing protein 1
- Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein
- 3
- Cadherin-2
- Apical endosomal glycoprotein
- Cadherin-3
- Matrilin-3
- Cadherin-related family member 2
- Meprin A subunit beta
- Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-
- Matrix extracellular
- regulated by oncogenes
- phosphoglycoprotein
- Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type
- Tyrosine-protein kinase Mer
- receptor 2
- Complement factor H-related protein 5
- Lactadherin
- Secretogranin-1
- Promotilin
- Chitotriosidase-1
- Macrophage metalloelastase
- Chordin-like protein 1
- Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
- Chordin-like protein 2
- Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8
- Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4
- Neurocan core protein
- C-type lectin domain family 14 member
- Neurofilament light polypeptide
- A
- Contactin-5
- Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3
- Collagen alpha-1(XV) chain
- Neurogenic locus notch homolog
- protein 3
- Collagen alpha-3(VI) chain
- N-acetylneuraminate lyase
- Collagen alpha-1(IX) chain
- Neuronal pentraxin-2
- Complement receptor type 2
- Neurotrophin-3
- Corticoliberin
- Neurotrophin-4
- Cartilage acidic protein 1
- N-terminal prohormone of brain
- natriuretic peptide
- Beta-crystallin B2
- Odontogenic ameloblast-associated
- protein
- Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5
- Glycodelin
- Cystatin-SN
- Inactive serine protease PAMR1
- Cystatin-D
- phospholipase A2 inhibitor and
- Ly6/PLAUR domain-containing protein
- Collagen triple helix repeat-containing
- Polycystin-1
- protein 1
- Cathepsin F
- Tissue-type plasminogen activator
- Cathepsin L2
- Podocalyxin-like protein 2
- Coxsackievirus and adenovirus
- Pro-opiomelanocortin
- receptor
- Stromal cell-derived factor 1
- Prolargin
- C-X-C motif chemokine 14
- Prolactin
- C-X-C motif chemokine 17
- Prion-like protein doppel
- C-X-C motif chemokine 9
- Prokineticin-1
- NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 2
- Persephin
- Cytokine-like protein 1
- Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase
- Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain-
- Pleiotrophin
- containing protein 2
- Decorin
- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein
- phosphatase mu
- Divergent protein kinase domain 2B
- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein
- phosphatase N2
- Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein
- phosphatase R
- Dickkopf-like protein 1
- Receptor-type tyrosine-protein
- phosphatase zeta
- Protein delta homolog 1
- Renin
- Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein
- kinase receptor Ret
- Dipeptidase 2
- Repulsive guidance molecule A
- Dermatopontin
- RGM domain family member B
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- Prorelaxin H2
- superfamily member 27
- Epididymal secretory protein E3-beta
- Roundabout homolog 1
- EGF-like repeat and discoidin I-like
- Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase
- domain-containing protein 3
- subunit M2
- EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular
- Scavenger receptor class F member 2
- matrix protein 1
- EF-hand domain-containing protein D1
- Secretogranin-2
- Epidermal growth factor receptor
- Secretogranin-3
- Elastin
- Uteroglobin
- Protein enabled homolog
- Protein sidekick-2
- Endoglin
- Neuronal-specific septin-3
- Beta-enolase
- Superoxide dismutase [Mn],
- mitochondrial
- Ectonucleotide
- VPS10 domain-containing receptor
- pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
- SorCS2
- family member 2
- Ectonucleotide
- Sclerostin
- pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase
- family member 5
- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-
- Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1
- 4
- Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte
- Spondin-2
- Protein FAM3B
- Small proline-rich protein 3
- Prolyl endopeptidase FAP
- Sushi repeat-containing protein SRPX
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- Sushi domain-containing protein 2
- superfamily member 6
- Tumor necrosis factor ligand
- Sushi domain-containing protein 5
- superfamily member 6
- Fibulin-2
- Trefoil factor 1
- Fc receptor-like protein 2
- Thrombospondin-2
- Fibroblast growth factor 5
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- superfamily member 11B
- Follitropin subunit beta
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- superfamily member 13B
- Follistatin-related protein 1
- Tumor necrosis factor ligand
- superfamily member 13
- Growth arrest-specific protein 6
- Tenascin-X
- Growth/differentiation factor 15
- Tetraspanin-1
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- WAP four-disulfide core domain protein
- 2
- GDNF family receptor alpha-like
- Wnt inhibitory factor 1
- Appetite-regulating hormone
- Protein Wnt-9a
- Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
- Lymphotactin