Systems and methods for generating radiation treatment plan

A method implemented on at least one machine each of which has at least one processor and at least one storage device, the method comprising:

• obtaining a radiation treatment plan for radiation delivery of a target volume, the radiation treatment plan including a plurality of radiation segments;
• and
• delivering a radiation beam to the target volume based on the radiation treatment plan,
• wherein at least two radiation segments at least partially overlap with each other and at least two other radiation segments interleave with each other without overlapping from at least two different rotations in one direction into the target volume of the subject.

A method implemented on at least one machine each of which has at least one processor and at least one storage device for determining a radiation treatment plan, the method comprising:

• determining a set of one or more optimization goals for radiation delivery by a therapeutic radiation delivery apparatus;
• determining a plurality of radiation segments by iteratively optimizing a dose distribution relative to the set of one or more optimization goals, including:
• determining a fluence map by iteratively optimizing a dose distribution relative to the set of one or more optimization goals, the fluence map corresponding to a plurality of angles within an angle range;
• determining the plurality of radiation segments based on the plurality of fluence maps;
• or
• determining, based on a plurality of sections, the plurality of radiation segments by optimizing, according to direct aperture optimization, angle ranges, segment shapes, and segment MU values of the plurality of radiation segments in an iterative optimizing operation;
• determining the radiation treatment plan based on the plurality of radiation segments for radiation delivery.