Photonic-crystal surface-light-emitting laser element

Abstract

A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser element having a photonic crystal layer includes a first semiconductor layer in which the photonic crystal layer having air holes arranged with two-dimensional periodicity within a plane parallel to the layer is formed; an active layer formed on the first semiconductor layer; a second semiconductor layer formed on the active layer; a high-refractive-index layer that is formed on the second semiconductor layer and has, at a central region, an opening part exposing the second semiconductor layer; a transparent conductor layer that covers the second semiconductor layer exposed at the opening part, is electrically connected to the second semiconductor layer, and has a lower refractive index than the high-refractive-index layer; and a light-reflecting film that is provided on the transparent conductor layer and the high-refractive-index layer, and reflects light incident via the opening part and the second semiconductor layer.

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.