High-speed fault isolation for power sources of a vehicle

A vehicle comprising:

• a power source;
• at least one switch associated with the power source;
• and
• a fault detection circuit, wherein the fault detection circuit comprises a gate driver and an overcurrent monitor, the overcurrent monitor performing operations comprising:
• receiving, from a current sensor of the gate driver, a current;
• determining a direction of the current relative to the power source;
• responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a forward current flowing out of the power source, determining whether the forward current exceeds a forward current threshold for a forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the forward current threshold;
• responsive to determining that the direction of the current relative to the power source is a reverse current flowing into the power source, determining whether the reverse current exceeds a reverse current threshold for a reverse overcurrent detection time period shorter than the forward overcurrent detection time period by comparing the current to the reverse current threshold;
• and
• responsive to determining that the forward current exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward overcurrent detection time period, or responsive to determining that the reverse current exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse overcurrent detection time period, causing the gate driver to control the at least one switch associated with the power source to inhibit the current.

An overcurrent monitor for determining a forward overcurrent in a current flowing out of a power source of a vehicle in a forward direction or determining a reverse overcurrent of a current flowing into the power source of the vehicle in a reverse direction, the overcurrent monitor comprising:

• a first comparator to detect forward overcurrent by comparing the current flowing out of the power source in the forward direction to a forward current threshold;
• a second comparator to detect reverse overcurrent by comparing the current flowing into the power source in the reverse direction to a reverse current threshold;
• a first filter to receive a first output of the first comparator and to apply a forward current timing threshold to the first output;
• a second filter to receive a second output of the second comparator and to apply a reverse current timing threshold to the second output, the forward current timing threshold being greater than the reverse current timing threshold;
• a first latch associated with the first comparator to cause a gate driver to control at least one switch associated with the power source responsive to determining that current flowing out of the power source in the forward direction exceeds the forward current threshold for the forward current timing threshold;
• and
• a second latch associated with the second comparator to cause the gate driver to control the at least one switch associated with the power source responsive to determining that current flowing into the power source in the reverse direction exceeds the reverse current threshold for the reverse current timing threshold.