Bioreactor or fermenter for the culturing of cells or microorganisms in suspension in industrial scale

A bioreactor or fermenter (100) for the culturing of cells or microorganisms in suspension in a liquid medium in industrial scale comprising

• a vessel (102) containing the culture in a liquid medium having a determined filling height;
• a stirrer (120) provided in the vessel to stir the liquid medium;
• a first sparger (150) arranged in the bottom portion (105) of the vessel (102) provided to supply gas bubbles (10, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3) continuously to the liquid medium, the gas being selected from air and/or oxygen gas;
• and
• a second sparger (160) arranged in the vessel (102) and provided above the first sparger (150) to supply additional air bubbles and/or additional oxygen gas bubbles (20, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3) continuously to the liquid medium,
• whereby
• the second sparger (160) is located at a position in the bioreactor or fermenter (100) above the first sparger (150) in a distance η whereby η is selected to be in the range from at least about 0.4 m above the first sparger (150) to at most about 0.5 m below the filling height of the bioreactor or fermenter (100) or
• about 0.4 m above the first sparger to about ⅔ of the filling height of the bioreactor or fermenter (100) or
• about 0.4 m above the first sparger to about ½ of the filling height of the bioreactor or fermenter (100) or
• about 0.4 m to about 3.0 m above the first sparger or about 0.4 m to about 2.5 m above the first sparger or about 0.4 m to about 2.0 m above the first sparger or about 0.4 m to about 1.5 m above the first sparger or
• about 0.4 to about 1.0 m above the first sparger or about 0.45 to about 0.90 m above the first sparger or about 0.5 to about 0.80 m above the first sparger or about 0.55 to about 0.70 m above the first sparger or at about 0.6 m above the first sparger.