High surface area plating for oxygen evolution electrodes

A method of making an oxygen evolution electrode for a metal-air battery, the method comprising:

• at least partially immersing a cathode and an anode in a solution, the solution including cations of a metal;
• applying electric current between the cathode and the anode in the solution, the electric current generating bubbles on at least one surface of a substrate of the cathode as the cations of the metal chemically reduce around the bubbles on the at least one surface of the substrate and form a layer of the metal on the at least one surface of the substrate;
• and
• with the layer formed on the surface of the substrate, removing the substrate from the solution.