Electrochemical Treatment Methods

A method of constructing an out of tank electrochemical treatment system, the method comprising:

• forming a treatment fluid supply manifold to include treatment fluid supply channels terminating in treatment fluid supply ports;
• connecting the treatment fluid supply manifold to one or more treatment fluid reservoirs;
• forming a return manifold to include treatment fluid return channels terminating in suction ports;
• connecting the return manifold to the one or more treatment fluid reservoirs;
• positioning the treatment fluid supply manifold and the return manifold in a housing;
• and
• coupling a porous pad to the housing proximate the treatment fluid supply ports and return suction ports, the porous pad configured to contact and wet the substrate with treatment fluid which is removed from the pad along with ambient gases via the return suction ports.