Noninvasive tissue displacement control and monitoring for neuromodulation

A neuromodulation system for changing circulating glucose concentration, the system comprising:

• an energy application device configured to deliver energy to a region of interest in a subject;
• and
• a controller configured to repeatedly apply:
• a reference imaging pulse to a region of interest via an ultrasound probe;
• a therapy pulse to the region of interest via the ultrasound probe subsequent to delivering the reference imaging pulse;
• a tracking imaging pulse to the region of interest via the ultrasound probe subsequent to delivering the therapy pulse;
• determining, in real-time, a phase change between the tracking imaging pulse and the reference imaging pulse;
• based on the phase changes determined in real-time, determining a tissue displacement in real-time, wherein the tissue displacement corresponds to a change in circulating glucose concentration relative to a baseline;
• and
• adjusting operation of the ultrasound probe based on the determined tissue displacement.

A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry, are configured to cause the processing circuitry to:

• repeatedly apply:
• a reference imaging pulse to a region of interest via an ultrasound probe;
• a therapy pulse to the region of interest via the ultrasound probe subsequent to delivering the reference imaging pulse;
• a tracking imaging pulse to the region of interest via the ultrasound probe subsequent to delivering the therapy pulse;
• determining, in real-time, a phase change between the tracking imaging pulse and the reference imaging pulse;
• based on the phase changes determined in real-time, determining a tissue displacement in real-time, wherein the tissue displacement corresponds to a change in circulating glucose concentration relative to a baseline;
• and
• adjusting operation of the ultrasound probe based on the determined tissue displacement.