Confinement apparatus loading assembly using selected laser tones

A loading assembly for providing atomic objects to a confinement apparatus, the loading assembly comprising:

• one or more ovens, each oven of the one or more ovens (a) comprising a respective oven nozzle and (b) configured to generate a respective atomic flux of a respective atomic species via the respective oven nozzle;
• a mirror array and a magnet array configured to, when optical beams are provided to the mirror array, generate a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT), wherein the 2D MOT is configured to generate a substantially collimated atomic beam from the respective atomic fluxes generated by the one or more ovens, at least in part by deflecting the atomic objects of a first atomic object species/isotope via photon scattering using a deflection manipulation signal corresponding to a transition between a first state and a second state of the first atomic object species/isotope;
• and
• a differential pumping tube defining a beam path, wherein the differential pumping tube is configured to provide the substantially collimated atomic beam via the beam path,
• wherein the optical beams of the 2D MOT comprise one or more repump manipulation signals configured to address a first respective atomic species, the one or more repump manipulation signals consist of respective laser beams characterized by respective frequencies that correspond to respective transitions between a respective suitable excited state and a respective decay state associated with a respective branching ratio with respect to the second state that is greater than or equal to a threshold branching ratio, wherein there is a non-zero probability that an atomic object of the first atomic object species/isotope will decay from the second state to the respective decay state.

An apparatus comprising a processing device and at least one memory storing computer executable instructions, the at least one memory and the computer executable instructions are configured to, when executed by the processing device, cause the apparatus to perform at least:

• obtaining a range of target object velocities;
• based at least in part on the range of target object velocities, determining an amount of time that an object is present within a 2D MOT;
• obtaining a threshold decay state probability;
• based at least in part on the amount of time that an object is present within the 2D MOT and the threshold decay state probability, determining a threshold branching ratio;
• identifying one or more decay states of a first atomic object species/isotope that are characterized by respective branching ratios that are greater than or equal to the threshold branching ratio, wherein there is a non-zero probability that an atomic object of the first atomic object species/isotope will decay from the second state to each respective decay state of the one or more decay states;
• determining respective laser tones each corresponding to a respective transition between a respective decay state of the one or more decay states and a respective suitable excited state;
• and
• providing output indicating the respective laser tones.