Piezoelectric laminate and piezoelectric element

A piezoelectric laminate comprising:

• a substrate;
• and
• a lower electrode layer and a piezoelectric film containing a perovskite-type oxide as a main component provided in this order on the substrate,
• wherein in a case where an upper electrode layer is formed on the piezoelectric film, and a voltage applied between the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer is swept, in a current-voltage curve showing a change in a current with respect to a change in the voltage, which is obtained in a case where with the lower electrode layer being grounded and the upper electrode layer being used as a drive electrode, an applied voltage to the piezoelectric film is gradually increased from 0 V to a positive side and then gradually decreased from the positive side to a negative side via 0 V, the number of peaks during an increase of the voltage and the number of peaks during a decrease of the voltage are different from each other.