Toner

A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein

• the toner particle comprises
• a toner base particle comprising a binder resin, and
• an organosilicon polymer composite present at a surface of the toner base particle,
• the organosilicon polymer composite comprises
• (i) a condensation product of an organosilicon compound, and
• (ii) a metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium and titanium,
• when a ratio of the number of the metal atom to a sum of the numbers of a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a silicon atom, and the metal atom obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the toner is defined as ME,
• in an EDS mapping image of constituent elements of a cross-section of the toner obtained by analyzing with use of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the cross-section of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope, a ratio of the number of the metal atom to a sum of the numbers of a silicon atom and the metal atom in a region outside a contour of the toner base particle is defined as MX, and
• in the EDS mapping image, in a case where there are domains of the metal compound, and domains with a domain diameter of 10 nm or more are targeted, the number-average diameter of the domains of the metal compound is defined as MN,
• ME is not more than 1.5×10−2,
• MX is 1.00×10−2 to 1.00×10−1, and
• MN is 15 to 80 nm.