Simultaneous sideband and doppler laser cooling

A method for cooling an atomic object confined by a confinement apparatus, the method comprising:

• controlling, by a controller associated with the confinement apparatus, a first manipulation source to provide a first two-photon transition manipulation signal to a particular region of the confinement apparatus;
• controlling, by the controller, a second manipulation source to provide a second two-photon transition manipulation signal to the particular region of the confinement apparatus;
• and
• controlling, by the controller, a third manipulation source to provide at least one repump manipulation signal to the particular region of the confinement apparatus;
• wherein:
• the atomic object to be cooled is located in the particular region of the confinement apparatus,
• the first two-photon transition manipulation signal and the second two-photon transition manipulation signal are collectively configured to drive a Raman transition that causes the atomic object to undergo a red sideband transition from a first ground state to a second ground state of the atomic object,
• the at least one repump manipulation signal is configured to repump the atomic object from the second ground state to the first ground state via at least one excited state,
• the at least one repump manipulation signal is red detuned from a transition from the second ground state to the at least one excited state by a repump detuning, and
• the repump detuning is in a range of 0.2 to 10 times a linewidth of the at least one excited state.