Gel electrolyte and electrochromic element including the same

An electrochromic element, comprising:

• a first substrate with a first conductive layer on a surface of the first substrate;
• a second substrate with a second conductive layer on a surface of the second substrate, wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed opposite to each other;
• a gap filler bonded between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to form an accommodating region between the first substrate, the second substrate, and the gap filler;
• and
• an electrochromic composition filled into the accommodating region, wherein the electrochromic composition comprises:
• a gel electrolyte, wherein the gel electrolyte comprises:
• a solvent base;
• a plurality of spherical inorganic nanoparticles dispersed in the solvent base, wherein the plurality of spherical inorganic nanoparticles are bonded to each other through an M-O-M structure, wherein M is Ti, Si, Al, Zr, V, Fe, Ni, Zn, or a combination thereof;
• at least one cathode material;
• and
• at least one anode material,
• wherein at least one of the at least one cathode material and the at least one anode material is electrochromic material.