Wearable aptamer field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring and wearable system for stress sensing

Abstract

Wearable technologies for personalized monitoring require sensors that track biomarkers often present at low levels. Cortisol—a key stress biomarker—is present in sweat at low nanomolar concentrations. Previous wearable sensing systems are limited to analytes in the micromolar-millimolar ranges. To overcome these and other limitations, the present embodiments include a flexible field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor array that exploits a new cortisol aptamer coupled to nanometer-thin-film In2O3 FETs. Cortisol levels were determined via molecular recognition by aptamers where binding was transduced to electrical signals on FETs. The physiological relevance of cortisol as a stress biomarker was demonstrated by tracking salivary cortisol levels in participants in a Trier Social Stress Test and establishing correlations between cortisol in diurnal saliva and sweat samples. These correlations motivated the development and on-body validation of an aptamer-FET array-based smartwatch equipped with a custom, multi-channel, self-referencing autonomous source measurement unit enabling seamless, real-time cortisol sweat sensing.

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